A stock exchange is a financial market where buy and sell transactions of securities takes place. These buy and sell prices are determined by market forces like demand and supply. A stock exchange helps investors to trade through a convenient and secured platform. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is the oldest stock exchange in India. Currently, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) is the leading stock exchange of the country and is located in Mumbai. There is no minimum amount required for share market investment. You can buy a single share or any number of shares you like. In order to trade in shares, you have to open a demat account with a depository participant. A trading account has to be opened as well, with your stockbroker. You can begin trading shares once these accounts have been opened. Shares offer you income through dividends. Hence, it acts as an annual income and as a reward for shareholders. The higher the profitability of the company, the higher its dividend rate is. The market is known as a bull market if stocks are rising, GDP is increasing and there are many job opportunities. During this time, investors are of the belief that the upward trend will continue in the near future. It is characterized by high levels of optimism and investor confidence. Bear market, on the other hand, means that stock prices are falling and the economy is on verge of a recession. At this time, when share prices are falling, most investors sell their shares to avoid added losses. It becomes difficult to earn stellar gains during this time unless the investor is a short seller.